Category: Watch Reviews

The world of watches can be a confusing place. There’s a whole bunch of terminology that can be puzzling even to the most experienced watch collector, let alone those of us completely new to timepieces. From tourbillons to tachymeters, perpetual calendars to power reserves and bezels to balance bridges, know that it’s okay to feel overwhelmed by all these different terms. 

I guarantee all of us, at some point in our watch collecting journey, have had to Google what these words mean. And I’d bet my money that one of the most frequently asked questions is: “what is a chronometer?”

Think of a chronometer watch as an overachiever, the clever one in school. It’s a watch that has passed a super strict set of accuracy tests, typically by an official body known as COSC in Switzerland (although there are other bodies we’ll get to shortly). 

The watch has basically been to a boot camp to ensure it is super precise; the movement is tested in different positions and temperatures to ensure it keeps near-perfect time. People choose chronometer watches when they want undeniable reliability, whether that’s an essential lifestyle requirement or just a cool thing to boast about with their friends.

History of Chronometers

Like most inventions, the chronometer was created out of need. During the 18th century, a serious issue faced by sailors traveling out at sea was their inability to accurately determine their longitude, making navigation tricky and often dangerous. 

Enter John Harrison, a British clockmaker who, in 1735, created the first marine chronometer. His invention was a game changer, allowing sea-dwellers to navigate the ocean with incredible levels of accuracy. It was kind of like giving sailors a GPS long before satellites were even a thing. 

Over the years, chronometers got smaller and more precise, eventually moving from ship decks to wrists. Chronometer watches became popular during the early 20th century as the demand for accurate timekeeping skyrocketed. It was here when organizations like COSC were founded, created with the aim of certifying chronometer watches under a strict set of standards. Now, only the most precise timepieces earn the title “chronometer”.

Now, with GPS systems aboard, we don’t need chronometers to set sail, but the precision of a chronometer wristwatch is still necessary and impressive. They have become symbols of reliability and craftsmanship, with typically only the finest watchmakers in the world able to create chronometer-certified watches.

Chronometer Certification Standards

There are various chronometer certifications, each with its own testing method. So, if you’re looking for a chronometer watch for yourself, it’s good to know which certification your watch has passed. Even some watch brands, known for crafting their own in-house movements, have developed their own chronometer certifications to show their dedication to precision and craftsmanship. Let’s look at some of the best-known chronometer certifications and what is involved in each…

COSC Chronometer

The Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres, abbreviated to COSC, is the most common standard of chronometer certification. The Swiss establishment was the first institution to certify watches as chronometers, demanding the best in accuracy and craftsmanship. Following its founding in 1973, it still demands a very specific set of specifications from a watch to earn its prestigious certification. Those that do pass receive a coveted COSC certificate. 

Watches that are assessed under COSC undergo a series of tests over 15 days. These assess a movement’s precision under different conditions, including temperature variations (8°C, 23°C, and 38°C) and positional changes (like crown up, down, and horizontal). The watch must maintain a daily rate within a tight range of -4 to +6 seconds to pass.

METAS Chronometer

METAS Chronometer certification is another respected standard, but one set by the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) in collaboration with Omega. It goes beyond traditional chronometer testing to ensure even higher levels of precision and durability. To achieve this certification, a watch must pass COSC certification before undergoing additional tests conducted by METAS.

These tests include exposure to magnetic fields up to 15,000 gauss, different temperatures, and even different water pressure levels to verify its robustness. Additionally, the watch’s accuracy is assessed in six different positions and at two different power levels—fully wound and with a 33% reserve. METAS-certified chronometers guarantee a daily precision of 0 to +5 seconds.

Superlative Chronometer

Superlative Chronometer certification is exclusively awarded by Rolex to its own timepieces. Like METAS, it goes beyond the standard of COSC chronometer testing, ensuring that every movement meets Rolex’s own stringent standard. Again, every movement must first pass COSC certification before then being handled by Rolex’s professional watchmakers, who take the fully assembled watch – not just movement – in-house for further testing.

These tests include placing the watch in multiple positions and in varying conditions such as freezing, hot and magnetic environments. They also test for waterproofness, power reserve, and automatic winding proficiency. To receive Superlative Chronometer certification, the watch must maintain a daily rate of -2 to +2 seconds, making Rolex Superlative Chronometers some of the most accurate in the world.

Grand Seiko Special Standard

As its name suggests, the Grand Seiko Special Standard is a certification exclusive to Japanese watchmaker Grand Seiko. Hoping to prove Japanese watchmaking can be just as precise and reliable as Swiss, the brand has created their own certification even stricter than COSC. 

To receive the Grand Seiko Special Standard certification, a movement must undergo rigorous testing for 17 days across six different positions and at three temperature settings. The movements are also tested in both horizontal and vertical orientations. The daily deviation allowed is between -3 to +5 seconds, exceeding the standards set by COSC.

German Chronometer Standard

The German Chronometer Standard is a certification similar to Switzerland’s COSC but one that is dedicated to testing the accuracy of German-made watches like those from Glashutte Original. The standard is found under certification DIN 8319, with specifications equivalent to those of the ISO 3159. 

It values a series of tests over 15 days, with the movement tested in five positions and at two different temperatures. Like COSC, it must also maintain a daily rate of accuracy within -4 to +6 seconds. However, unlike its Swiss counterpart, the German Chronometer Standard involves testing the fully cased watch, not just the movement.

Patek Philippe Seal

Patek Philippe also has its own chronometer certification unique to them. In 2009, they established a seal that represents the rigorous standards of their movement manufacture, once again going above and beyond the standards set out by COSC. 

To earn the Patek Philippe Seal, a watch must maintain a daily accuracy of -3 to +2 seconds in several positions and at different temperatures. Additionally, the watch’s durability, finishing, and overall craftsmanship are examined, so you’re guaranteed some of the finest levels of watchmaking in the world.

Qualité Fleurier Standard

The Qualité Fleurier Standard, also sometimes known as the FQF Quality seal, is a certification process for mechanical watches made entirely in Switzerland. This means every part of the watch must be 100% Swiss-made. 

Then, the movement must pass the tests of the COSC, followed by the FQF’s additional tests, including accuracy checks in different positions and temperatures, ensuring it maintains a daily deviation of -0 to +5 seconds.

Chronometers vs Chronographs

Chronometer and chronograph are two watch terms that are often confused with each other – understandably so since both begin with “chrono”. But in fact, chronometers and chronographs are totally different. 

As we now know, a chronometer is all about precision; it’s a watch that has been officially certified to keep time super accurate, passing rigorous tests. A chronograph, however, is a watch built with a stopwatch function, allowing you to measure elapsed time with separate sub-dials.

Fun fact: you can have a chronometer chronograph, a watch awarded chronometer certification equipped with a handy stopwatch complication.

Popular Chronometer Watches on Exquisite Timepieces

If you’re into precision timepieces, chronometers are where it’s at. At Exquisite Timepieces, we have a number of exceptional chronometer watches for you to enjoy. Here are some of the most popular, as rated by our customers:

Omega Constellation Globemaster Omega Co-Axial Master Chronometer 39mm (ref. 130.33.39.21.03.001)

Known as one of Omega’s Master Chronometer watches, a family of timepieces certified by METAS, this Omega Constellation Globemaster Omega Co-Axial Master Chronometer 39mm promises incredible levels of accuracy and reliability. The movement, with its co-axial escapement, is highly anti-magnetic and promises a healthy power reserve of 60 hours. 

It’s also a beautiful watch externally, featuring a 39mm stainless steel case with a scratch-proof fluted bezel and 100 meter water resistance. The dial is the star of the show for me, though, colored in blue with an unusual star-shaped dome finish set with Super-LumiNova infilled hands and indexes.

Frederique Constant Highlife Automatic COSC Silver Dial (ref.  FC-303S3NH26B) 

Possibly one of the most affordable manufacturers of chronometer watches, Frederique Constant has truly reached their goal of making luxury watchmaking accessible to everyone. For less than $2,500, they offer a COSC-certified full-metal sports watch with their Frederique Constant Highlife Automatic COSC Silver Dial model, powered by the Caliber FC-303 with a 38-hour power reserve. 

It, too, has a 39mm stainless steel case, but one with a sporty, integrated architecture that flows into the brushed and polished H-link bracelet. The dial is crisp white and uniquely embossed with a globe motif across the center.

Grand Seiko SLGH021

Grand Seiko has a number of impressive in-house movements worth mentioning, but their Caliber 9SA5, found inside the Grand Seiko SLGH021 Limited Edition, is one of their Grand Seiko Special Standard movements. With a daily rate of +5 to -3 seconds per day, a power reserve of 80 hours, and a frequency of 36,000 vibrations per hour, it becomes one of the most impressive chronometer movements on the market. 

The watch is also absolutely breathtaking, featuring an intricately detailed, mosaic-like mint green dial inspired by the colors of the Genbi Valley landscape and a 40mm wide Ever-Brilliant steel case polished using the brand’s famous Zaratsu technique.

Glashütte Original Senator Chronometer (ref. 1-58-01-02-05-30)

Offering a more traditional aesthetic, one that harks back to some of the world’s first chronometers, the Glashütte Original Senator Chronometer watch is powered by the in-house Caliber 58-01, a manual winding movement with a 44-hour power reserve and chronometer certification. 

The movement is housed within a luxurious 18ct rose gold case, measuring to 42mm wide and just 12.6mm tall, strapped to the wrist by a dark brown alligator leather strap. The dial is silver-grainé and decorated with blued hands, a black railroad chapter ring, an oversized date window and timeless Roman numerals.

Parmigiani Fleurier Tonda PF GMT Rattrapante (ref. PFC905-1020001-100182)

Finally, the Parmigiani Fleurier Tonda PF GMT Rattrapante is an exceptional chronometer watch with an opulent integrated case and bracelet, guilloche dial, and GMT complication. The soft lines of the case are engineered from stainless steel, while the bezel, with its detailed knurled finish, is machined from 950 platinum. 

It sits on the wrist at 40mm wide and 10.7mm thick, secured by a three-row link bracelet with brushed and polished finishing. The blue grain d’Orge hand-guilloché dial presents two skeletonised hands for the hours and minutes and a rose gold hand for the GMT, all powered by the chronometer certified Caliber PF051.

Conclusion

We hope you now have a solid understanding of what a chronometer watch is and why these timepieces are so highly coveted. If precision and accuracy aren’t high on your list of priorities, a chronometer might be a little wasted on you. 

However, if you value precision and reliability, especially if you have a job or lifestyle that requires high levels of timekeeping accuracy, then a chronometer watch would be a worthy investment. Or maybe you’re just like me, and you simply appreciate the intricate technology that goes on inside these watches. If so, a chronometer watch will no doubt enhance your daily life too.

Chronographs are among the most iconic watches in history and are perennially popular among enthusiasts, from newcomers to seasoned collectors. They are multifunctional timepieces that blend form and function, combining varying case shapes, sizes, buttons (“pushers”), and colors with intricate movements that provide accurate current time as well as the precise timing of events ranging from Formula 1 racing to boiling the fettuccine.

“Chronograph” is derived from the Greek language and means “time recording”. Chronographs indicate both the current time and the elapsed time of an event from start to finish, but they are much more than a mere “stopwatch”. 

As we shall see, certain types of chronographs also record split times (e.g., a single lap of a multi-lap race) and calculate the speed of a moving object, the wearer’s distance from an event that is seen and heard (e.g., a lightning strike and thunder), pulse rate, and even a pilot’s fuel consumption.

In this article, I will cover chronograph history, how they work, practical uses, types, and the differences between chronographs and chronometers, and discuss five popular models.

The Birth of the Chronograph

There are several key figures and events that figure prominently in the birth and growth of chronographs.

Most watch historians—as well as the Guiness Book of World Records—credit French watchmaker Louis Moinet with the “World’s First Chronograph” in 1816. Its design was similar to a modern handheld stopwatch with start-stop-reset functions and was used for astronomical purposes. Moinet achieved an amazing accuracy of 1/60^th per second and 30Hz or 216,000 beats per hour.

In 1821, Nicolas Mattheiu Rieussec was the first to use the term “chronograph” to describe his “Chronograph with Seconds Indicator”, which he designed for the more practical and commercial use of timing horse races. 

The device was housed inside a wooden box and allowed for separate times to be recorded when the user triggered a hand to leave an ink impression on paper, thus becoming the first literal “timer writer”.

Longines launched the first chronograph wristwatch in 1913. It featured a monopusher embedded within the crown and was accurate to 1/5^th of a second. Breitling followed in 1915 with the first chronograph with a separate pusher for start-stop-reset situated at 2 o’clock and again in 1934 with the first dual pusher chronograph.

The year 1969 marked not only the “Race to the Moon” but also the “Great Automatic Chronograph Race”, which featured competitors Seiko, Zenith, and a team of collaborating Swiss firms consisting of Breitling, Buren-Hamilton, and Dubois-Dépraz vying for the distinction of the first self-winding chronograph movement. Zenith announced their success in January and named the movement “El Primero” or “The First”.  The Heuer, et. al consortium and Seiko announced later but still beat Zenith to market to the general public.

Chronographs have continued to evolve with new designs, more accurate movements, and increased functionality and remain a popular and practical watch choice to this day.

How Chronograph Watches Actually Work

Chronographs encompass a broad range of designs, types, and functions, but there are a few elements that are common to almost all models.

Mechanical chronographs use either a cam or column wheel design to achieve their multifunctional capabilities. Either type of movement allows for the pushers (these days, usually dual ones placed at 2 and 4 o’clock) to perform start-stop-reset functions. 

A typical analog chronograph will have a centrally placed timing seconds hand that starts when pressing the top (2 o’clock) pusher. The timing hand stops when the user presses the top pusher again. To reset, the user presses the bottom (4 o’clock) pusher.

Chronograph dials contain registers, also known as “subdials”, that display information such as running seconds, elapsed hours, minutes, or fractions of seconds. There may be additional indices and markings that allow measurement of distance (“telemetry”) or physiological data such as pulse rate (“pulsometry”). 

Bezels are also an important component of chronographs, and the most common display is a tachymeter that measures the speed over a known distance, either in miles per hour (mph) or kilometers (kph). Other bezel options include pulsometry and even ones with slide rule functions.

It is important to note that while many popular and historically important chronographs are largely mechanical and analog, highly accurate quartz movements with digital-only displays or analog-digital hybrids, as well as the ubiquitous “smart watches”, are popular and affordable options as well.

Practical Chronograph Uses

Chronographs are used in a wide range of timing tasks associated with various sporting events, such as track and auto racing, as well as military, aviation, diving, and medical applications. Even more mundane timing needs, such as how long to cook an item in the kitchen or calculating the morning commute length, make chronographs useful for almost everyone.

Unique Types of Chronographs

There are “sub-specialty” types of chronographs that can “fine tune” timing capabilities. Two important ones are split seconds and flyback chronographs.

Split Seconds Chronograph

Split seconds chronographs time a series of successive events such as laps in a track or auto race. Another name is rattrapante which is French for “catch up”. A split seconds chronograph is equipped with two timing seconds hands that overlap at the 12 o’clock position before timing starts. 

When the user engages the top pusher to start timing an event, both timing seconds hands start to run together. Pressing the bottom pusher stops the rattrapante hand, which is usually on the bottom, to record the split time while the other timing seconds hand continues to run and show total elapsed time. 

When the bottom pusher is pressed again, the split timing seconds hand “catches up” to the other one and continues with it unless the bottom pusher is pressed again to record another split

Some split seconds timing chronographs only contain a single timing seconds hand. For instance, a MoonSwatch has a bottom pusher that can be engaged after the start to record a split time. 

The elapsed time continues to run unseen. When the bottom pusher is pressed again, the timing seconds hand jumps forward to show the total elapsed time again—a “rattrapante lite”, if you will.

Flyback Chronograph

A flyback chronograph allows the user to stop the timing seconds hand, reset to zero with a counterclockwise movement, and immediately start timing again with a single press of a pusher. This is in contrast to a standard chronograph, which requires separate pushes to stop the timing seconds hand, reset it to zero, and restart it.  

Flyback chronographs were designed initially for pilots who needed accurate and rapidly timed multiple intervals for complex maneuvers and other various flight tasks. The movement of the hands appears simple, but the mechanisms are very complex testaments to the art and craft of watchmaking. Flyback chronographs are popular among collectors who are fascinated by and appreciate their close ties with aviation and military history.

Chronograph Watches vs. Chronometer Watches

Even though chronographs and chronometers are often confused, the distinctions between the two are relatively straightforward. Chronographs are multifunctional tool watches that combine traditional timekeeping with a stopwatch function. A chronometer, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with precise timekeeping and designed to be accurate within a small seconds per day interval.

Chronometers gain certification by undergoing rigorous testing in various positions and temperatures by certifying bodies such as the Official Swiss Chronometer Institute (COSC), whose standard is +6/-4 seconds/day. The Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS), following COSC certification, awards its “Master Chronometer” designation for watches that achieve a +5/-0 seconds per day standard. Some brands have their own in-house testing and certification, such as Rolex’s +2/-2 seconds per day “Superlative Chronometer” distinction.

There can be an overlap between the two: a chronograph, if it meets the appropriate accuracy standards, can also be designated a chronometer.

Top 5 Chronograph Watches on Exquisite Timepieces

Here are 5 popular chronographs available on the Exquisite Timepieces website:

Omega Speedmaster Moonwatch Professional Master Chronograph (ref. 310.30.42.50.01.002)

The Omega Speedmaster Moonwatch Professional Master Chronograph is famous for its NASA certification and recognition as “The First Watch Worn on the Moon” by the Apollo astronauts. This more refined modern reference features a 42mm stainless steel asymmetrical case, matching stainless steel bracelet, and a “double sapphire sandwich” crystal design that crisply displays both the highly legible black dial and subdials on the front and the intricate and beautiful manual wind Caliber 3861 movement through the caseback. 

It has a bezel tachymeter and a 50-hour power reserve, and it is a perfect example of a chronograph that is also a certified (METAS) chronometer. You may not be able to own a moon rock, but it is possible to get hands-on with an iconic chronograph and important piece of space history.

Blancpain Fifty Fathoms Bathyscaphe Chronographe Flyback (ref. 5200-0130-B52A)

The Blancpain Fifty Fathoms, originally introduced in 1953, is cited by many as the first modern diver’s watch. This chronograph reference has a 43.6mm diameter black ceramic case, a rotating ceramic bezel, a black dial with 60 seconds, 30 minutes, and 12-hour subdials, and a date window at 4:30. 

It has a sapphire display caseback, showing off the Caliber F385 movement with a 50-hour power reserve and flyback chronograph capability. Despite the presence of pushers, it still maintains an impressive 300 meters of water resistance in keeping with the brand’s storied diver tradition. It is an excellent choice for those who want a watch with a lot of stylish and imposing, yet paradoxically minimalistic, wrist presence combined with impressive timekeeping and tracking credentials.

Hublot Big Bang Unico King Gold Ceramic 42mm (ref. 441.OM.1180.RX)

This chronograph features a 42mm diameter  (“compact” by brand standards and “unisex according to some) 18K gold, satin-finished, “King Gold” case with polished edges and pushers, combined with a satin-finished ceramic bezel with polished edges, all held together with titanium screws. 

The skeletonized dial reveals the 72-hour power reserve, in-house Caliber UNICO Hub1280 autonomic column-wheel flyback chronograph movement, and the rotating date wheel. There are two subdials at 3 and 9 (60 minutes and 60 seconds) with a date window embedded within the subdial at 3. The strap is black structured lined rubber with an 18K gold deployant clasp. A guaranteed conversation starter, this “Big Bang” of a chronograph lives up to its name.

Czapek Faubourg de Cracovie Tao

While the name may fly a little under the radar, Czapek is nevertheless a tradition-rich brand dating back to the arrival of Polish watchmaker François Czapek in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1832. The company’s Faubourg de Cracovie Collection Tao model is a limited-edition (18-piece) chronograph that showcases a black and white (“panda”) Grand-Feu enamel dial and is powered by the COSC-certified Caliber SXH3 movement. 

The case is stainless steel with a 41.5mm diameter and houses elongated pushers that do not protrude but instead hug and conform very closely to the case, creating a unique and pleasing chronograph silhouette. It is high-end, dressy, and rare. If you own it, you’re probably the only one in the room wearing it.

H. Moser & Cie. Streamliner Flyback Chronograph Blue dial (ref. 6907-1200)

H. Moser & Cie was founded by Swiss watchmaker Heinrich Moser in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1828. The “Streamliner” is sleek and modern with minimalistic and fluid lines. Its 42.3mm stainless steel case has pushers at 10 and 2 and integrates seamlessly with its stainless steel bracelet. 

The dial has a transparent logo, no subdials, and is a distinctive “Funky Blue Fumé” with 4 centrally placed hands and a tachymeter scale on the inner flange. The flyback chronograph movement is the 72-hour power reserve Caliber HMC 907, and its stunning details are seen clearly through the sapphire caseback. Like the Czapek chronograph, there’s little chance of it being duplicated in your social circles.

Conclusion

Chronographs are popular cornerstone pieces of the watch world that represent some of the most pragmatic yet finest examples of high-quality watchmaking ever achieved. There are chronographs at all price points that suit everyone’s unique timekeeping needs–and everyone needs at least one. 

It’s hard to think back to a time when watches were seen predominantly as a female accessory. Especially since the luxury watch industry has become such a male-driven space. Maybe that’s got something to do with watches being one of the very few items of jewelry a man can wear. But that’s perhaps a topic for another day. 

My point is that men held onto the classic pocket watch long after Breguet introduced its first wrist-worn watch back in 1810 for the Queen of Naples. No one had ever seen a design like that before. Its oblong case framed an engine-turned silver dial, boasting complications like a moon phase, thermometer, and repeater. You can certainly see why innovations like this wouldn’t necessarily appeal to a male demographic at the time.  

Men’s watches didn’t really become a thing until the need for a reliable and legible wrist-worn watch during the First World War became apparent. Soldiers on the frontline needed a watch on a strap. Pocket watches proved very impractical for responding to the demands of warfare. In such circumstances, grabbing for a grenade with your spare hand rather than fumbling around for your pocket watch made all the difference.  

Before this, though, Cartier had released the very masculine Santos de Cartier pilot’s watch, so wristwatches weren’t completely alien. However, as is often the case, it takes time for society to conform to a change. 

The narrative that watches might not just be solely for women began to shift perceptions, and gradually, more and more designs began emerging. They weren’t just fashion accessories anymore. They were instruments that served a function. They were practical – able to hold up on the wrist under pressure. They were legible and reliable.  

Even after time spent on the battlefield, soldiers returned home wanting to wear a watch. Since that time, the market for watches has expanded exponentially. Luxury timepieces have become more refined and elegant. 

But at the same time, technologies have advanced so much that they now offer exceptional robustness, longevity, and accuracy. Today, there is a huge choice of watches to pick from. The question remains as to where to start looking if you’re new to the scene and you want to invest in one.   

If you don’t quite know what you’re looking for in a luxury watch, then the beginning is a pretty difficult place to start. Browsing watches online can be a daunting task, and trust me when I say you’re bound to fall down the odd rabbit hole or two. Before you tackle the mammoth task of searching for the perfect watch with us, there are some basics you need to know.  

In this easy-to-follow guide, I’m going to talk you through the different ways in which a watch works. We’ll look at two types of mechanical watches, automatic and manual winding, and we’ll see how these differ from the quartz watch.  

Then, we’ll look at the key watch styles and what each one offers you as a first-time buyer and wearer. We’ve got all the bases covered, so go grab a drink, kick back, and let’s begin this beginner’s guide on how to begin being a beginner (are you with me?).  

Types of Watches Based on Movements 

Part of the enjoyment of owning and wearing luxury watches is in understanding how they work. For many horology enthusiasts, admiring the complexity at play behind a transparent caseback and catching a glimpse of how each intricate component within that movement works harmoniously with another is a huge part of the experience. 

Some of the oldest watch manufacturers in the world have earned their respect by upholding time-honored watchmaking techniques that are now centuries old. Horology is a craft and an art all rolled into one. What often makes one manufacturer stand out against another is how it builds its timepieces from the inside out. The organ of the watch is the movement, and there are three key types. Let’s look at each one in a little more detail. 

Manual-Winding Watches

Manual winding movements belong under the mechanical umbrella and are the oldest of the lot. Put in simple terms, it is the winding of the crown in a mechanical watch (or the turning of a rotor in an automatic) that causes a spring to tighten inside the watch. With the help of an escapement to regulate the release of energy, that mainspring slowly starts to unwind, providing energy to the watch.  

Whereas an automatic watch takes care of the winding part, a manual-winding watch doesn’t. You’ll need to wind the crown regularly to keep your timepiece ticking over nicely. Many experienced collectors love the manual winding watch because of its tangible beauty and its visual complexity, which is often afforded through an exhibition window on the caseback.

Winding the crown tightens the mainspring, and once it is fully wound, it begins to unwind via the barrel, feeding energy to the escapement via a series of wheels and gears called the going train.  

Thanks to the use of an escapement wheel and balance fork, the mainspring is prevented from unwinding itself rapidly and losing all the energy at once. The escape wheel itself catches on a pallet that notches back and forth, connecting with an impulse pin to slowly release energy.

When you look through the back of a watch, one of the first things you will see is the balance wheel, prominently displayed through a sapphire crystal glass window as a symbol of craftsmanship. It spins continually, almost effortlessly, as the watch runs.  

Automatic Watches

With an automatic watch, a freely rotating weight rocks back and forth with the movement of your wrist. As it does so, it automatically coils the mainspring for you. The rest of the movement works in the same way as a manual-winding movement. The first thing your eyes will be drawn to when flipping an automatic watch over with an exhibition caseback is the rotor. Oftentimes, this rotor is engraved or decorated, especially by the manufacturer who makes the watch.  

Swiss watchmaker Oris, for example, implements a distinctive red rotor into all of its watches, while others may be skeletonized, crafted from 18k gold, or simply engraved with a company name.  

Quartz Watches

When the battery replaced the spring in the 1970s, it spelled disaster for so many traditional watchmakers. Some were never fortunate enough to make a comeback after the Quartz Crisis. Others survived only by changing tack and equipping some of their most popular timepieces with a quartz movement to feed consumer demand.  

Quartz has always been the cheaper and faster movement to produce. The first example was the Aston, produced by Seiko in 1969. The quartz watch works by converting electrical energy to physical energy. 

In a quartz-operated watch, an electrical current is sent to a microchip via a battery, causing a crystal to vibrate at high frequency. A microchip then picks up the vibrations created by the crystal, turning them into electric pulses that send the hands around the dial.  

Generally speaking, automatic and manual-winding watches are more expensive than quartz movements. Mechanical movements require regular services to ensure they perform seamlessly, but they last much longer than quartz watches. 

The advantage of buying a luxury timepiece from a respected manufacturer in the industry is that replacement parts and services will always be available (either directly by the official brand or via an authorized dealer). Quartz watches, on the other hand, are more affordable and make for great beginner watches, although many collectors feel they lack the complexity and craftsmanship that a mechanical watch offers.  

Spring Drive Watches

The Spring Drive Movement is a concept developed by Japanese watchmaker Seiko. It combines the advantages of both quartz and mechanical movements. Instead of the typical escapement you’d see in a mechanical watch, the Spring Drive Movement incorporates a tri-synchro regulator. 

This is a speed control mechanism that works by controlling the mainspring’s energy release, then converting the mechanical power to electrical energy, delivering it to a piece of quartz. The quartz then oscillates while the tri-synchro regulator generates a magnetic force that applies a break control, making sure optimal timekeeping is maintained. The Spring Drive movement is used in many Grand Seiko watches, including the “Omiwitari” and the “White Birch”.  

Types of Watches Based on Style 

Now that you know the difference between a mechanical and quartz watch, Let’s take a look at the different styles of watches available.  

Dive Watches 

The history of the dive watch goes back further than you think! While dive watches were enjoying their heyday back in the 1950s, the fundamental values of this style of watch were established much earlier. 

Before the Blancpain Fifty Fathoms and the Zodiac Seawolf, and before models like the Submariner by Rolex and the DOXA SUB – there were waterproof cases like the Rolex Oyster in 1926 and the 1936 Omega Seamaster. Panerai had also developed its military-inspired Luminor watch for the Italian Navy (although it wouldn’t be released to the public until the 1990s). 

The core principles of these watches are still underpinned in most modern dive watches. Modern-day dive watches have lockable bezels, unidirectional dive scales, legible dials, screw-down crowns, depth gauges, and helium escape valves. There is an abundance of styles and designs to choose from today, and pretty much every esteemed manufacturer in the industry has dipped its toe into making a dive watch. 

Some of the most popular are those like the TAG Heuer Aquaracer, the Omega Seamaster Aqua Terra, the DOXA SUB 200, the Panerai Submersible, and the Breitling Superocean, not forgetting, of course, the iconic and highly covetable Rolex Submariner.  

Dress Watches 

Dress watches have been around for centuries and are the most elegant of all. Even though they aren’t the kind of watch you would wear for daily affairs, outdoor pursuits, or sports, some are still robust enough for these environments. Manufacturers that excel in the realms of dress watches include Vacheron Constantin, A. Lange & Söhne, Patek Philippe, and Breguet.  

Dress watches are more formal and elegant in style than your average daily beater. They often come in cases crafted from 18ct rose gold, yellow gold, white gold, or palladium and communicate opulence through simplified dials, slim case dimensions, and classic bracelets or leather straps. 

Some manufacturers create dress watches with diamond dot hour makers or diamond decoration on the dial, while others are resolutely understated for pairing with formal or business attire.  

Field Watches 

Field watches pay homage to military timepieces used in military warfare dating back to the First World War. They are the most utilitarian of designs, featuring legible dials, robust cases, and, sometimes, material straps that give them a distinctive vintage vibe. If you like watches with a bit of old-world charm, a field watch may be a great first watch for you. 

Hamilton is a master in creating field watches. Its popular Khaki line of Field, Navy, and Aviation timepieces promises lashings of Super-LumiNova material on the dial and additional 24-hour tracks. Field watches are durable, accurate, and functional. These minimalist military watches are favored by collectors for their comfort and wearability.  

Chronograph Watches 

Chronograph watches are one of the most popular complications to own, thanks to their useful stopwatch facility for measuring elapsed time. Whether you opt for a complex timepiece that combines this function with a perpetual calendar or a split-second chronograph to measure laps around a racing track, this type of watch will add something dynamic and sportier to your collection. 

You can use the timing feature on a chronograph to boil an egg on a Sunday morning or for more crucial timings in sports training. In the early 1900s, Breitling was one of the first manufacturers to add an independent 2 o’clock pusher to a wrist-worn chronograph. 

TAG Heuer is another leader in the chronograph field. The brand’s stylish chronograph watches have become the face of the brand’s many sporting partnerships over the years. Chronograph watches also come with features like tachymeter scales and pulsometers, while flybacks can start, stop, and reset a timing with a simple button push. 

Pilot Watches  

If you thought pilot’s watches were only for aviators, you were very wrong. They do have some very useful applications in the cockpit, don’t get me wrong, but seldom are they used for flying anymore. 

A pilot’s watch is a niche style that is sought-after by devoted collectors who simply love their style. Most have a distinctive retro charm and carry elements like legible Arabic numerals, luminous hands, and a triangular pointer at 12 o’clock to help orient pilots flying fighter jets during battle. 

After Cartier developed the Santos watch for Alberto Santos-Dumont, flieger watches designed by manufacturers like IWC, Laco, and A. Lange & Söhne arrived. Today, pilot’s watches are a popular choice and are loved for their functionality and legibility. 

The Breitling Navitimer watch, for example, features the slide rule bezel that pilots once used for complex air-bounce calculations like speed and fuel consumption. Examples of manufacturers creating modern-day pilot tools include Bremont, Zenith, Longines, Breguet, Fortis, Oris, and Sinn.  

GMT Watches  

GMT watches are one of the most practical tools you can own. If you’re looking to start your luxury watch collection with a travel watch, I’d recommend a GMT watch. It displays an additional time zone in a 24-hour format that you can follow while traveling away on business or for leisure. 

The GMT hand forms an integral part of this design and is often triangular and highlighted in a contrasting color for improved legibility. The hand coincides with the 24-hour scale to provide time back at home, while the main central hour and minute hands track the current time of your destination. 

One of the most iconic GMT watches is the Rolex GMT-Master II, including the coveted Pepsi and Batman models with respective red/blue and blue/black bezels. Other popular examples include the Aquascaphe GMT by Baltic, the BR V2-93 GMT watch by Bell & Ross, and the Longines Spirit Zulu.  

Tourbillon Watches  

A tourbillon watch is one of the priciest options from the list but it’s also one of the most complex and beautiful. The first of its kind was developed by Abraham Louis-Breguet (yes, that’s the same manufacturer that developed the first wristwatch!). The complication is quite something to marvel at and is often displayed through the dial of a watch via an open-heart layout.

The invention defies the effect of gravitational pull on the intricate parts of the movement by suspending them inside a cage. The balance and escapement rotate inside that cage, making one full revolution every minute. The balletic motion of the tourbillon is a captivating feature in a watch and can be found in designs from Moser & Cie, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Audemars Piguet & Vacheron Constantin.  

Conclusion  

The selection of watch styles, movements, and dials available on the market today is as diverse as the individuals who wear them. Finding the perfect timepiece, especially if you are just starting out, is not a simple task. Collecting watches is a personal experience. 

The type of watch you choose should reflect your personality and tastes above all else, but it should also be functional and suited to your daily needs. Most of all, enjoy wearing your watch for its craftsmanship, build, and quality. 

Dive watches may not be to everyone’s taste, just like a dress watch may be too formal or a pilot watch too bold for another collector. The good thing is that Exquisite Timepieces is an authorized dealer of so many coveted brands that you can’t really go wrong when looking to start your watch-collecting journey with us.

If you are anything like me, you find watches fascinating. They are truly marvels of mechanical engineering. Despite a number of innovations, they have used the same basic way of functioning since their birth in the 16th Century.

A wristwatch does more than just tell the time. I love the various complications available on modern timepieces. From something as simple as the date to the complexities of moon phases and world calendars, these additional functions only add to that wonderful feeling of wearing your favorite watch.

Perhaps the most complex and mesmerizing of complications is the tourbillon. A tourbillon is an amazing mechanism that rotates the balance wheel and escapement while they function. A tourbillon is a visible part of the workings of a watch, generally in an open-heart dial. Tourbillon is the French word for “whirlwind”. If you’ve ever seen one, you know that is a fitting moniker.

The story of the tourbillon, how it works, and why it was created is as engaging as the complication itself. 

How Tourbillons Operate

The purpose of the tourbillon is to counter the effects of gravity on the balance wheel and escapement. These effects can impact the accuracy of a mechanical watch. To understand how a tourbillon functions, we need to look at how a mechanical watch keeps time. 

The power source of a mechanical watch is the mainspring. When you wind it, potential energy is stored. As the mainspring unwinds, kinetic energy turns the gear system that moves the hands. 

The escapement is what keeps the mainspring from unwinding all at once. It consists of the balance wheel, hairspring, and pallet fork. The hairspring causes the balance wheel to oscillate back and forth, and the pallet fork stops the action on each oscillation to turn it back the other way. 

The escapement keeps the balance wheel oscillating at a specific frequency. It turns the gears that drive the second hand to one revolution around the dial per minute, the minute hand one rev per hour, and the hour hand one rev per 12 hours. 

In a well-made timepiece, the escapement functions with a high level of precision. But, remember our old friend gravity from science class? The force that pulls everything down creates drag on the escapement. This can alter the oscillation frequency and reduce the level of precision. 

That, boys and girls, brings us to the tourbillon. This brilliant mechanism is essentially a cage around the escapement that rotates it, generally at a rate of 1 RPM. With the escapement constantly changing position, the effects of gravity are nullified, and precise timekeeping is preserved.

History of Tourbillons in Watches

The tourbillon was the brainchild of a brilliant watchmaker, Abraham-Louis Breguet. Never one to back down from a challenge (he also invented the rotor that winds automatic watches and several other innovations), Breguet invented the ingenious tourbillon to solve the gravity problem. The company that bears his name makes some of the finest tourbillon watches on the planet.

As time went on and the science and art of watchmaking developed, more sophisticated tourbillons that rotated on multiple axes were created. When wristwatches became popular, horologists built tourbillons for them. Today, a tourbillon is a symbol of prestige and good taste.

Different Types of Tourbillons

When people started wearing wristwatches and pocket watches that went out of vogue, the problem of gravity became more challenging. Unlike pocket watches that remain in a vertical position most of the time, a wristwatch sits in many different positions as the wearer moves their arm throughout the day. 

To combat the issue, horologists developed several different types of tourbillons. In addition to fighting gravity more effectively, they are incredibly fun to watch. I have a friend with a beautiful two-axis tourbillon. A group of us were having dinner one night, and several of our party could not stop looking at his watch. They are that cool.

Single Axis Tourbillon

The original tourbillon and the most common type is the single axis. It rotates around one axis, perpendicular to the dial. Many watch enthusiasts love their simplicity and elegance. They blend nicely into the dial while they do their job.

Multi Axis Tourbillon

Because wristwatches are constantly changing position, tourbillons needed to evolve to counter gravity in more than one axis. Multi-axis tourbillons, as the name implies, turn around two or even three axes. 

This improves accuracy when the watch is in multiple positions and multi-axis tourbillons are spectacular pieces of engineering that are incredible to see in action. 

Double & Quadruple Tourbillon

Just when you thought tourbillons couldn’t get any more sophisticated, along come double and quadruple variants. The level of engineering and craftsmanship in these watches is incredible. They feature either two or four cages that rotate at different speeds. 

Both precision and the wow factor are boosted exponentially. Sporting a double or quadruple tourbillon will make you the envy of your horological friends.

Flying Tourbillon

The flying tourbillon is a brilliant innovation that steps things up yet another level. A standard tourbillon is anchored by a top and bottom bridge. The flying variation lacks a top bridge. Rather than the cage rotating on its central axis, the entire mechanism moves in a small circle. 

This gives the visual effect of the tourbillon floating around the dial. A flying tourbillon effectively improves precision and is one of the most stunning horological displays you will ever see. 

Gyro Tourbillon

If you are familiar with the use of a gyroscope in aviation and nautical travel, you will understand the value of the gyro tourbillon. An extension of the multi-axis type, the gyro tourbillon turns on an axis perpendicular to the dial and another parallel to it. 

Similar to how a gyroscope functions, this type of tourbillon minimizes the effects of gravity. It is also one of the most fascinating displays you will ever see on a high-end timepiece. You may not even notice the hands.

Top 5 Tourbillon Watches on Exquisite Timepieces

If you are in the market for a tourbillon watch, check out Exquisite Timepieces. We have a wide selection of these stunning watches. Here are the top 5 most popular.

Omega De Ville Tourbillon Chronometer Numbered Edition 43mm (ref. 529.53.43.22.01.001)

It’s not surprising that Omega has a watch on this list. The world-class horologists at the brand’s Atelier Tourbillon designed this stunning manual-winding central tourbillon that is master chronometer certified. The 43 mm case is a blend of 18K Sedna gold and 18K Canopus gold with an 18K Sedna gold bezel. 

The black sun-brushed dial is nicely contrasted by gold hands and indices, and a black leather strap with an 18K Sedna gold buckle fits in with the colorway. The tourbillon is the feature that draws your eye with its titanium bridge and 18K Sedna gold polished second hand attached. 

A sapphire crystal and exhibition case back are scratch-resistant and provide a view of the gorgeous Master Co-Axial Chronometer Calibre 2640 movement. The movement features a power reserve indicator that displays what you have left on the generous three-day reserve.

Blancpain Villeret Tourbillon Volant Heure Sautante Minute Retrograde (ref. 66260-3433-55B)

Blancpain is a world-renowned brand that makes some of the finest timepieces you will ever see. The Villeret Tourbillon Volant features a beautiful flying tourbillon that truly appears to fly about on its rounds. 

The case is available in either 43m platinum or 43mm 18K red gold. The dial is white grand feu enamel with silver hands. This is the first Blancpain watch to feature a retrograde minute hand and an hour window. The design is unique, elegant, and uncluttered. 

The sapphire crystal and exhibition case back offers a full view of the dial and movement while protecting them. You can choose between a black or brown alligator strap lined with alzavel or an 18K gold Milanese mesh bracelet. 

H. Moser & Cie. Streamliner Tourbillon Skeleton (ref. 6814-1200)

H. Moser & Cie. have a long and storied history of creating fine timepieces and have hit new heights with the Streamliner Tourbillon Skeleton. The 40mm stainless steel silver cushion-shaped case houses the Caliber HMC 814 movement. The skeleton dial and exhibition case back allows you to view the movement and stylish tourbillon from either side. 

The hands and indices are 5N gold-plated, and the hands have Globolight inserts. The stainless steel integrated bracelet adds to the unique design. The automatic movement has a 72-hour power reserve, and the water resistance is 120 meters; much more than the average tourbillon watch.

Breguet Classique Double Tourbillon 5345 Quai de l’Horloge (ref. 5345PT/1S/7XU)

No list of tourbillon watches would be complete without a model from Breguet, whose founder invented the complication. The Classique features a 46mm case in either platinum or 18K red gold. The skeleton dial shows off the movement including not one, but two tourbillons. 

A sapphire chapter ring with blue Roman numerals and blue hands adds to the unique and stylish design of the dial. An exhibition case back gives a view of the manual Caliber 588N movement, and the watch is protected front and back by a sapphire crystal. 

You can choose a black leather or blue rubber strap with a triple folding clasp to secure your timepiece to your wrist. The 50-hour power reserve lets you go a couple of days between windings. 

Jacob & Co. Brilliant Flying Tourbillon Diamonds White Gold on Strap (ref. BT543.30.BD.BD.B)

If you like a flashy watch with plenty of bling, this offering from Jacob  & Co. is right up your alley. The large 47mm 18K white gold case is invisibly set with 205 Baguette-cut white diamonds. The dial is white gold as well and set with 146 diamonds, and even the crown features 14 stunning gems. Leaf-shaped blue hands contrast the dial nicely. This watch will definitely be noticed.

The manual movement has a whopping 100-hour power reserve, and the white alligator leather strap secures with an 18K white gold deployant clasp. The main attraction, however, is the incredible flying tourbillon at 6 o’clock. A bit too ostentatious for my taste, if you have the cash to buy one, this Jacob & Co. model could be the ultimate addition to your collection

Conclusion

Complications add functions to watches and make them more than just timekeepers. Perhaps no other complication stands out as much as a tourbillon. Designed to improve accuracy, these incredible mechanisms come in several types and add a new level of sophistication, artistry, and coolness to any watch.

If you ask a Christian about the Holy Trinity, they are likely to explain it by making the sign of the cross and mentioning the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. For faithful watch enthusiasts, the holy trinity of watches is the absolute pinnacle of their hobby, referencing the three pillars of the Swiss Watch Industry. Every watch nerd aspires to one day own an example of the holy trinity of watches: Patek Philippe, Audemars Piguet, and Vacheron Constantin.

Their names are synonymous with luxury, with horology, and awe-inspiring innovation.

Why are they Called the Holy Trinity?

Enthusiasts often create creative names and titles to denote aspirational purchases and brands. A grail watch is a once-in-a-lifetime purchase, something you are dreaming of purchasing one day—maybe after a promotion or a major life milestone. 

For example, my “grail” watch is the Breguet Tradition 7097BB; will I ever get one? Maybe. And it keeps me motivated in life, serving as a reminder of my hard work and dedication to my career. The holy trinity of wristwatches serves a similar purpose: as role model and inspiration for many smaller, and often independently owned, watch brands seeking to climb Mount Luxury. 

Thus, the “Holy Trinity” term is used to emphasize the unparalleled status and the revered position these three brands hold in the world of horology, making them universally recognized both within and outside the watch industry.

Patek Philippe: A King Among Kings

I remember when I held my first Patek Philippe. I wasn’t even into watches at the time. I had an Invicta my Godfather gifted me, tucked somewhere in a sock drawer, its battery long dead. I was a teenager then, and I was asked to hold a friend’s watch while he played a game of basketball. It was gold and pristine, heavier than what I expected. 

Little did I know that I wouldn’t hold a Patek Philippe in the flesh again for some fifteen years. Holding a Patek Philippe in hand is something special. Pictures just don’t do them justice.

Founded in 1839 in Geneva, Patek Philippe has established itself as a leader in high horology, pioneering many complications and design elements that are now widely adopted across the watch industry. 

Its numerous horological achievements include the creation of the first annual calendar watch and the introduction of wristwatches featuring perpetual calendars and split-second chronographs. 

Patek Philippe enjoys popularity across its collections, but its Aquanaut and Nautilus sports models are some of its most recognizable pieces. It is also worth mentioning the historical relevance of its Calatrava line, first introduced in 1932. The Calatrava continues to serve as a reminder of the beauty in simplicity and the remarkable craftsmanship of Patek Philippe.

Patek Philippe is the king, plain and simple. Their watches have adorned the wrists of many famous individuals, including Queen Victoria, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso. Celebrities like Brad Pitt, Ellen DeGeneres, and John Mayer are also known for their appreciation of the brand’s exceptional timepieces. Athletes, including tennis star Rafael Nadal and basketball legend LeBron James, have been known to wear multiple references from the brand. 

Vacheron Constantin: The Grandpa We All Love

Vacheron Constantin is the grandpa we all love! It is one of the oldest watchmakers in existence today, and it is certainly the oldest, by a wide margin, on this list. I was lucky enough to try on a rose gold Overseas a few years ago. 

I was blown away by the depth of its blue dial, by the finishing of its movement, and by a bracelet that seemed to be constructed by an alien race rather than human hands. It just flowed over my wrist like a waterfall, embracing the contours and curves of my wrist without being unobtrusive or uncomfortable. The watch was perfect—emblematic of Vacheron Constantin as a brand.

Vacheron Constantin, one of the world’s oldest and most prestigious watchmakers, was founded in 1755 by Jean-Marc Vacheron and François Constantin. The company boasts over 250 years of uninterrupted watchmaking, surviving and thriving through multiple world wars, the quartz crisis, the Industrial Revolution, and the digital age. 

Vacheron Constantin is renowned for several innovations in horology. They introduced the first engine-turned dials in 1779 and developed one of the first watches with a date complication in 1790. The company also created the world’s thinnest mechanical watch in 1955 and continues to push boundaries with complex grand complications, such as the Reference 57260, which features 57 complications and is considered one of the most complicated watches ever made.

Although it may not enjoy the same brand recognition as Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin watches have been worn by notable figures such as Marlon Brando, Jay-Z, and Eric Clapton. Athletes like Michael Jordan and Tom Brady are also known to sport these prestigious timepieces, showcasing their broad appeal across various fields. Vacheron Constantin offers a rich collection of dressy, sporty, and complicated timepieces. 

Across their line, the Overseas—a sports model offered in steel, titanium, or precious metal—enjoys the most mass appeal and popularity. The Historique American 1921, originally created for the American market in the early 20th century, offers a unique cushion-shaped case and a dial that is tilted at a 45-degree angle for easier viewing while driving.

Audemars Piguet: The Rebellious Teenager

Audemars Piguet, or as the masses refer to it, “A-P,” is the third member of the venerated holy trinity of watches. The brand is not only important and relevant to horology but has also transcended culture, music, sports, and the world of luxury “it” items. LeBron James is a big fan and even has his own special edition. You’ll also see Tom Cruise, Jay-Z, and Lionel Messi rocking AP watches. 

Audemars Piguet has been crafting watches since 1875 when founders Jules Louis Audemars and Edward Auguste Piguet registered the brand in Switzerland’s Vallée de Joux. Today, the company is headquartered in Le Brassus and remains one of the few watchmaking firms still privately owned, with the Audemars family at the helm. 

Known for its innovations, Audemars Piguet created the world’s first-minute repeater movement for wristwatches in 1892 and introduced the first jumping-hour watch in 1921. In 1986, they also launched the first self-winding tourbillon wristwatch.

I have to admit, if I were to close my eyes and envision a luxury sports watch, it would be the Royal Oak every time. Designed by Gérald Genta and released in 1972, the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak was the first true luxury sports watch. 

This iconic design inspired, at least in part, the Nautilus and Overseas models from the two other Holy Trinity brands we’ve explored here, as well as numerous others in the industry. The Code 11.59 is another, more recent collection that has gained popularity in the past few years. It showcases Audemars Piguet’s dedication to innovation and modern design—to pave the future design language of luxury wristwatches. 

Why no Rolex?

Rolex undeniably wears the crown, but its true expertise lies in marketing, brand exposure, and business acumen, with watchmaking coming in second. I don’t mean to say they make second-rate watches because they don’t. Their watches are bulletproof, timeless, and undeniably luxury icons. 

When we mention Rolex, we’re referring to a brand that produces over a million watches annually, with plans for even further expansion. In contrast, the esteemed Holy Trinity of watchmakers collectively manufacture just over 100,000 watches each year. 

Therefore, it’s obvious why Rolex isn’t formally included on this list. Rolex is king of the masses, but the crown still bows to the trinity.

Closing Thoughts

Having the means and allocation luck to acquire a timepiece from any of these three companies is truly a privilege. Patek Philippe stands as the quintessential choice for those drawn to heritage, formal wear, and a touch of understated elegance. 

Vacheron Constantin appeals to those who cherish tradition, impeccable finishing, and a refined aesthetic that effortlessly spans generations. 

Audemars Piguet, on the other hand, caters to individuals who admire bold style, contemporary designs, and a rebellious spirit in luxury watchmaking. No matter your choice or preference, these are three of the most distinguished, acclaimed, and finely crafted timepieces on earth. There are no losers here…